Group Founder:
Lloyd Longfield (aka "Pastor Lloyd")
Description of Group:
A Bible-based, Pentecostal/evangelical group. Founded in Australia in 1958 by Lloyd Longfield & Noel Hollins, who broke away from the Christian Revival Crusade. The group started as the Melbourne & Geelong Revival Centres...Spread to other states of Australia, and overseas to New Guinea, USA, UK, France, Africa, Germany, Holland, Hong Kong and other countries... They claim to have started earlier than 1958 in order to fulfill some obscure prophesy... Teaches Bible numerics, speaking in tongues & British Israel theory... All members are encouraged to "give over" to the leadership, all activities are controlled by a set of often changed guidelines, separation from the "world" is encouraged... A split occurred in 1996 over the issue of sex before marriage...They lost almost 2 thirds of their membership, including half of their overseas assemblies...The Assemblies remaining with the RCI are located in Australia (Half remained, half went with the new group), Canada, USA, UK, Fiji, New Zealand, Italy, Kenya, Papua New Guinea & Malawi...The splinter group is called the Revival Fellowship & it is identical to the original group except for the doctrine which caused the split... The new group is headed by John Kuhlmann... The leaders of both groups live in virtual luxury, without any obvious source of income... The last I heard Longfield owned the old Mayor Mansion in Melbourne & has all the land owned by the RCI in his name...Pretty good for a guy who owns a small butcher shop in downtown Melbourne...He also bought both his sons a Range Rover which retail from AUS$100,000... John Kuhlmann drives a luxury car, has a large home & no visible signs of an income...All the land owned by the Revival Fellowship is in his name... The members of both groups are not permitted to see the groups financial records... The RCI was recently handed over to Longfield's son Simon..Longfield was in poor health & it was rumoured he was showing early signs of dementia...
The BITE model applied to RCI:
Compiled from former members' submissions
Behavior Control:
1. Regulation of individual?s physical reality
Members are expected to dress conservatively...no short skirts, no tight jeans, no tattoos, men are not allowed to wear earrings...Contact with ex-members is forbidden...Members are encouraged to break contact with any "unsavoury" friends...The group comes before family...They own camping grounds which members are encouraged to go to on vacation...If members go interstate or overseas it is expected that they will stay with other members & continue going to meetings...There are 5 meetings a week (Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday & 2 on Sunday), there are activities organised for Saturdays & a compulsory youth group for single people under 30's...Thursday is set aside for a coffee morning & door knocking, which everyone is expected to attend at least once a month...Failure to attend at least 3 meetings a week plus the activities on Saturday results in a visit from the "middle management" ie. houseleaders or newer Pastors who reports back to the leadership...Public image! ! is everything...single men cannot have female housemates & vice versa, members are not allowed to go into pubs (not even to get a meal), those having sex outside of marriage are forced to marry or are expelled from the group...
2. Major time commitment required for indoctrination sessions and group rituals
New members are "taken in" by older members who live near by them & escorted to all group activities... Members are encouraged to "pray" with the leadership for long periods until they "receive" ie. start speaking in tongues...New member meetings are offered & attendance is strongly "encouraged"...
3. Need to ask permission for major decisions
All major decisions have to be approved by the pastors...This includes legal decisions...Pastors have been known to intervene in custody battles & go against custody orders ie. encouraging the member to deny access visits to the non-member parent...Abused women are often ordered back to their husbands, divorce is forbidden, the partner filing for divorce is promptly removed from the group...
4. Need to report thoughts, feelings and activities to superiors
The pastor's door is always open...Members are encouraged to "discuss" all their feelings with the leadership...Withholding information is considered the same as lying to God...
5. Rewards and punishments (behavior modification techniques - positive and negative)
Disobeying the Pastors or "sinning" in any way is punishable by expulsion from the group or being banned from attending any fun activities eg. group picnics etc...I have witnessed a Pastor intervening in the discipline if a member's child...Telling the child they are evil & of the devil because they are misbehaving...All youth group members are given a curfew of midnight regardless of age, anyone caught out after this time is disciplined as the the leadership sees fit...
6. Individualism discouraged; group think prevails
No expression of doubt or negative feelings/thoughts about the group is tolerated...It is considered divisionary...Members must present a united front...
7. Rigid rules and regulations
There are enforced "guidelines" which are changed at the whim of the leadership...No-one ever knows all the rules...disobeying them leads to immediate disciplinary action & carries with it the threat of expulsion from the group...
8. Need for obedience and dependency.
Disobeying the leadership is like disobeying god...dependence is encouraged, several biblical passages are used to illustrate that truly godly people should "give over" to those who know best ie. the leadership...
Information Control:
1. Use of deception
The full history of the British Israel Theory is not made known to group members...Members are not made aware of recent research into Bible numerics...Sexual education is withheld & discouraged...Appalling Greek, Hebrew & Latin translations ie. highly inaccurate...Crime statistics exaggerated to make group seem safer & to support their "end times" theories...Claiming miraculous cures for asymptomatic conditions such as AIDS...Stories made up about ex-members to support the belief that life is "sevenfold" bad for you if you leave the group...Rumours are circulated about members who are questioning too much...
2. Access to non-cult sources of information minimized or discouraged
Members have to check with pastors before they buy a book on religious theory or go to see a movie...Members are discouraged from watching TV or listening to rock music...Members are advised what books to buy & are provided with tapes of previous "talks" & "appropriate" music...Contact with ex-members forbidden, members kept busy...Recently a ban on internet access has been instituted due to the amount of anti-RCI/Revival Fellowship material available...
3. Compartmentalization of information; Outsider vs. Insider doctrines
The leadership know's everything about everyone, almost nothing is known about the leaders...Information given out on a need to know basis...
4. Spying on other members is encouraged
Members are encouraged to "tell on" other members for their own spiritual good, so that they can be corrected...New members are paired up with older members who are in favour with the leadership...Due to the spying members are convinced that God is telling the leadership everything, therefore it is pointless not divulging every thought, feeling & action to the pastors...
5. Extensive use of cult generated information and propaganda
The group has a news letter, a magazine & various audio & video tapes which members are encouraged to buy & distribute amongst prospective recruits...
6. Unethical use of confession
Threats to divulge information about past "sins" to other members are used to keep people "in-line"...
Thought Control:
1. Need to internalize the group?s doctrine as "Truth"
The RCI is the one true church...Us vs Them mentality, the outside world is considered a dangerous place & the people in it agents of the devil...RCI members are considered elite, they call themselves "saints"...There are no "grey areas" everything is either good or bad, there are no in betweens, no excuses...A common phrase used by members is: "if you are not with us you are against us"...
2. Adopt "loaded" language (characterized by "thought-terminating clichés")
Non-members often need a translator to understand what RCI members are saying...Certain phrases are meant to elicit certain responses...
3. Only "good" and "proper" thoughts are encouraged
Any "impure" thoughts are said to be the devil creeping in...If this is occurring the individual is encouraged to pray (in tongues) on it, talk to the Pastors & devote more time to the group...
4. Thought-stopping techniques
It is common to hear current members justify the leadership's actions & aggressively defend them...Members are encouraged to "speak in tongues" often & for long periods, especially when they are having doubts...
5. No critical questions about leader, doctrine, or policy seen as legitimate
Critical questions are greeted with hostility or the questioner is patronised & told not to worry about it..If it continues the faith of the questioner is brought into question & they are told to go read their Bible because that is where they will find the answers to all their questions...Too much questioning leads to a "smear campaign" by the Pastors & eventual expulsion from the group...
6. No alternative belief systems viewed as legitimate, good, or useful
Alternative belief systems are ridiculed regularly at meetings...Anti-Catholic sentiment prevails..
Emotional Control:
1. Manipulate and narrow the range of a person?s feelings
Individual only allowed to feel happy...sadness or anger is dismissed or ridiculed...
2. Make the person feel like if there are ever any problems it is always their fault, never the leader?s or the group's.
If a member is not satisfied in the group it is said that their faith is not strong enough or that they are not doing enough for the group or God...
3. Excessive use of guilt
Members are made to feel guilty if they are not "perfect", if they have not yet converted their family, if they wish to associate with people outside the group, if they believe they are returning to their "old ways"...RCI absolves members of any "historical guilt" because they believe they are seperate from the Christian church that went before them...
4. Excessive use of fear
Members are made to fear the "world" because it is supposedly dangerous & full of temptation...Anyone not in support of the RCI is considered to be an agent of the devil, a huge number of "sins" & leaving the group can lead to loss of salvation...Members fear not having the pastors' approval, all their actions are governed by this fear...Members are well aware that if they leave the group they will lose their entire social network...
5. Extremes of emotional highs and lows.
Meetings are always upbeat, lots of singing & rhythmic clapping...The "talks" are generally depressing & re-inforce the idea that the "world" is an evil, horrible place & that those who want to return to it must be mad...
6. Ritual and often public confession of "sins".
It is expected that all "sins" will be confessed to the Pastors....Forgiveness by God is all important, the only way to gain this is by acknowledging your "sins" & confessing them to the Pastors...They will make deals with you eg. "If you marry now you can stay in the group & gain forgiveness. If not I'm afraid you will have to leave & I won't be able to guarantee your forgiveness"...
7. Phobia indoctrination
Leaving the group is said to be turning your back on God, therefore everything will be "sevenfold bad for you"...Those leaving are said to have been weak & seduced by the "world"...It is expected these people will become drug addicts, insane, chronically ill or die...The Pastors are always ready with a story to prove their point...It is also said that once leaving you will be empty & unspiritual, you will never find fullfillment...
Organizations Related to the Group:
Revival Fellowship (RF) and Christian Assemblies International (a splinter group of R.C.I. Revival Centres International).
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“The mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble by us; and I for one must be content to remain an agnostic” - Darwin